Allantoin is a chemical compound with formula C4H6N4O3. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin or glyoxyldiureide.It is a diureide of glyoxylic acid.

Named after the allantois (an amniote embryonic excretory organ in which it concentrates during development in most mammals except humans and higher apes), it is a product of oxidation of uric acid by purine catabolism. After birth, it is the predominant means by which nitrogenous waste is excreted in the urine of these animals.In humans and higher apes, the metabolic pathway for conversion of uric acid to allantoin is not present, so the former is excreted. Recombinant rasburicase is sometimes used as a drug to catalyze this metabolic conversion in patients. In fish, allantoin is broken down further (into ammonia) before excretion. Allantoin is a major metabolic intermediate in many other organisms including plants and bacteria.
Function
1. Moisturizing and repairing effect
Allantoin has a very good moisturizing effect, especially for chapped rough skin, can make it restore smooth and moist, at the same time can enhance the skin and hair outermost water absorption capacity, improve the hydrophilic keratin molecules, so that the damaged cuticle can be repaired, restore its natural water absorption capacity.
2. Moisturizing effect
Allantoin in promoting skin and hair outermost water absorption capacity, reduce skin moisture evaporation at the same time, but also can form a layer of lubrication film on the skin surface, seal moisture, so as to achieve the role of skin moisture.
3.Keratin softening effect
Allantoin has unique keratinolytic properties, so it has the role of keratinolytic protein, it in the exfoliation of metabolic
waste keratinocytes at the same time, make the cell space filled with water, make the skin to reach the state of moisture and luster.
4.Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects
Allantoin is a kind of amphoteric compound, which can combine with many substances to form compound salt, and has the functions of avoiding light, sterilization, antisepsis, pain relief and anti-oxidation. It is widely used as the additive of freckle cream,acne liquid, shampoo, soap, toothpaste, shaving lotion, hair care agent, astringent and anti-sweat and deodorant.
 

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