Spinosad is an insecticide based om chemical compounds found in the bacterial species Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The genus of Saccharopolyspora was discovered in 1985 in isolates from crushed sugar cane which produce yellowish-pink aerial hyphae, with bead-like chains of spores enclosed in a characteristic hairy sheath. This genus is defined as aerobic, gram-positive, non-acid-fast actinomycetes with fragmenting substrate mycelium. S. spinosa was isolated from soil collected inside a non-operational sugar mill rum still in the Virgin Islands. Spinosad is a mixture of chemical compounds in the spinosyn family that has a generalized structure consisting of a unique tetracyclic ring system attached to an amino sugar (D-forosamine) and a neutral sugar (tri-Ο-methyl-L-rhamnose). Spinosad is relatively non-polar and not easily dissolved in water. Spinosad is a novel mode-of-action insecticide derived from a family of natural products obtained by fermentation of S. spinosa. Spinosyns occur in over 20 natural forms, and over 200 synthetic forms (spinosoids) have been produced in the lab. Spinosad contains a mix of two spinosoids, spinosyn A, the major component, and spinosyn D (the minor component), in an approximately 17:3 ratio.
For control of pest Lepidoptera (e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis,Helicoverpa zea, Trichoplusia ni, Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera
spp.,Heliothis spp., Pieris rapae, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lobesia botrana),thrips (e.g. Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips
palmi), flies (e.g. Liriomyzaspp., Ceratitis capitata), beetles (e.g. Leptinotarsa decemlineata) and grasshoppers in cotton,row crops, vegetables, and fruits, at 4.8-36 g/hl.Also used for urban pest control (e.g. Agrotis ipsilon, Spodopter
spp.,Parapediasia teterella) in turf and ornamentals, for structural control of drywood termites (e.g. Cryptotermes brevis,
Incisitermes snyderi),and for fire ant (Solenopsis spp.) control. Effective as a bait for fruit flies (Ceratitis spp., Bactrocera
spp., etc) and some ants (Solenopsis spp.).Under development for use on livestock animals for control of chewing and sucking lice (e.g. Linognathus vituli, Bovicola ovis, Solenopotes capillatus) and flies (e.g. Haematobia irritans, Lucilia cuprina), and in livestock premises for control of nuisance flies (e.g. Stomoxys calcitrans,Musca domestica, H. irritans).
1.It can be Against pests with fast contact and stomach poison effect on the leaves have a strong infiltration under the skin can kill pests, Vinca longer, for some pests have some ovicidal action.
2.The suction effect. Can effectively control Lepidoptera, Diptera and Thysanoptera pests, but also a good prevention Coleoptera and Lepidoptera feeding on leaves of some large number of pest species, sucking pests and mites prevention less effective.
3.On insect predators safer, because insecticidal unique mechanism of action. On plant safety without injury. Suitable for
vegetables, fruit, horticulture, crop use. Insecticidal effect was less affected by the rains.