Product Introduction:

Pharmacological effects
Thymopoietin (thymopoietin) is an endogenous polypeptide that exists in thymus tissue, contains 49 amino acids, and has biological activities such as promoting the differentiation of thymus and peripheral T cells and regulating the body's immune function. Although thymopentin (TP5) consisting of amino acids 32-36 of the thymosin active center contains only 5 amino acid residues, it can effectively maintain the biological activity of thymosin. Since being marketed in Italy under the trade name Timunox in 1985, TP5 has been used as an immunomodulator in the clinical treatment and prevention of diseases including chronic hepatitis B, AIDS, severe acute respiratory syndrome (severeacuterespiratorysyndrome, SARS) and other diseases. Thymopentin has the same function as thymosin to regulate the immune system, can induce the differentiation and maturation of pre-T lymphocytes, and regulate the immune activity of mature T lymphocytes. For a variety of immune disorders, such as congenital athymus, thymectomy, senile thymic atrophy, infection, tumors, and autoimmune diseases, the immune function is low due to the change in the proportion and function of different T lymphocyte subsets. This medicine has a regulatory effect that normalizes the immune response.

Pharmacological effects
1. Induce and promote T cell differentiation and maturation.
2. Adjust the proportion of T lymphocyte subsets to make CD4/CD8 tend to normal.
3. Enhance macrophage phagocytosis.
4. Enhance the immune function mediated by red blood cells.
5. Improve the vitality of Chemicalbook's natural killer cells (NK).
6. Increase the production level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the expression level of receptor.
7. Enhance the production of γ-interferon in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
8. Enhance SOD activity in serum.

Preparation
The preparation methods of TP-5 are mainly liquid phase synthesis and solid phase synthesis
1. Liquid phase synthesis of TP-5:
(1) Synthesis of TP-5 using a liquid-phase method combining Boc (tert-butoxycarbonyl) and Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) strategies: Protected amino acid raw materials are: HCl·H-Tyr(Bzl)-OBzl, Boc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH, Fmoc-Lys(BocChemicalbook)-OH and Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH, the condensation reagent is BOP-HOBt, the condensation time is 2h, the reaction solvent is chlor N-methylmorpholi (NMM) is used as the alkali neutralizing reagent. Finally, the removal system of the protecting group adopts trifluoromethanesulfonic acid/trifluoroacetic acid (TFMSA/TFA) + anisole, and reacts at 0ºC for 2h.
(2) Adopt Boc amino protection strategy and carbon chain step-by-step method to synthesize TP-5 in liquid phase: The amino group adopts Boc-HCl/dioxane protection system, DCC-HOBt condensation obtains fully protected Boc-Arg(Tos)-Lys( Z)-Asp(OBz1)-Val-Tyr(Bz1)-OMe, after saponification, use TFA/TFMSA+anisole, anisole, and o-methylphenol, react at room temperature for 1h, remove the side chain to get white crystals, and purify The total yield afterwards is 30%.
(3) Stepwise synthesis of TChemicalbookP-5 using liquid phase minimum protection strategy: amino acid protection strategies are: HC1·Tyr-OMe, Boc-Val-OH, Boc-Asp(OBz1)-OH, Boc-Lys(2C1Z)-OH, Z-Arg-OH, DCC-HOBt condenses to form dipeptide, tripeptide and tetrapeptide, HBTU condenses to form protected pentapeptide, and finally uses Pd/C hydrogenolysis to remove side chain protection to obtain the target product. On the premise that no major side reactions occur, the side chain functional groups are not protected as much as possible, which can avoid the strong acid cleavage of HF. The conditions are milder and more suitable for industrialization.

2. TP-5 solid-phase synthesis
The solid-phase method mainly has two synthesis protection strategies, Boc/Bzl and Fmoc/OtBu.
(1) Boc solid-phase synthesis method: The main strategy of Boc synthesis method is to adopt TFA-removable Boc as α-amino protecting group, and the side chain protection adopts benzyl alcohol. During the synthesis, a Boc-amino acid derivative is covalently cross-linked to Merrifield or MBHA resin, Boc is removed by TFA, the free amino terminal is neutralized with triethylamine, and then the next amino acid is activated and coupled by DCC, and finally removed The protection mostly adopts HF method or TFMSA method.
(2) Fmoc solid-phase synthesis method: The fundamental difference between the Fmoc method and the Boc method is that the Fmoc that can be removed by the base is the protective group of the α-amino group, and the protection of the side chain uses TFA-removable tert-butoxy, etc., The resin adopts 90% TFA-removable p-alkoxybenzyl alcohol resin and Chemicalbook1% TFA-removable dialkoxybenzyl alcohol resin. The final deprotection avoids strong acid treatment. The advantage of Fmoc as an amino protecting group is that it is stable to acid, and it is not affected by treatment with TFA and other reagents.It only needs to be treated with mild alkali, and can be removed by β2 elimination reaction.It does not need to be neutralized with tertiary amine, and Fmoc The group has characteristic ultraviolet absorption, which is easy to detect the progress of the reaction, which brings convenience to the automated synthesis. However, the amino acids protected by Fmoc are expensive and the synthesis cost is correspondingly high. In Fmoc solid phase synthesis of TP-5, Wang resin is used, DMF is the solvent, DIC-HOBt is condensed, and the side chain protection strategy is: Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH, Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH, Fmoc Asp(OtBu)-OH, Fmoc-Val-OH and Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH.

Uses
Immunosuppressive agent for the treatment of primary or secondary immunodeficiency
1. For chronic hepatitis B patients over 18 years old.
2. Various primary or secondary T lymphocyte deficiency diseases.
3. Certain autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.).
4. All kinds of cells are free from diseases of Chemicalbook epidemic function.
5. Adjuvant treatment of tumors.

Chemical property
TP is a polypeptide extracted from calf thymus. Two similar types are found: thymosin-I (TP-I) and thymosin-II (TP-II). TP-II is a 49 peptide, consisting of 13 amino acids. The structural difference between TP-I and TP-II is that silk 1 and Su 43 on the TP-II peptide chain are changed to Gan 1 and Group 43 of TP-I. The pentapeptide of sperm 32-case 36 showed TP-II T cell differentiation activity both in vivo and in vitro. Five of the 49 amino acids are physiologically active, and spermide valertin 5 peptide, timopentin, has been artificially synthesized and is used clinically. In addition, the chemical book (splenin) isolated from bovine spleen is similar to TP-II, so it is called TP-III. The artificially synthesized 5 peptide of TP-II is temporarily called thymus synthesin (TPe), and the synthesized 5 peptide of TP-III is temporarily called spleen synthesin (SPe). TP-II and TPe act on neuromuscular transmission, induce the differentiation of T cell precursor cells in vitro, and inhibit the differentiation of B cells. TP-III and SPe can induce the differentiation of T and B cell precursor cells. Ubiquitin is composed of 74 amino acid residues and can induce the differentiation of T cells and B cells. It is widely present in animal tissues (including thymus) and plant and fungal cells, and is related to immune function.