Toremifen Citrate(NK 622; FC 1157a) is a second-generation selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM) in development for the prevention of osteoporosis.IC50 Value: 1±0.3 μMTarget: Estrogen receptorToremifen is a second-generation selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM) in development for the prevention of osteoporosis and other adverse effects resulting from ADT in men with prostate cancer [1]. in vitro: The growth of Ac-1 cells was inhibited by tamoxi fen, toremifen and atamestane in vitro with IC50values of 1.8±1.3μM, 1±0.3μM and 60.4±17.2μM, respectively. The combination of toremifen plusatamestane was found to be better than toremifen or atamestane alone in vitro[2].in vivo: The effect of this combination was then studied in vivo using Ac-1 xenografts grown in ovariectomized female SCID mice. The mice were injected with toremifen (1000μg/day), atamestane (1000μg/day), tamoxi fen (100μg/day), or the combination of toremifen plus atamestane. In this study, our results indicate that the combination of toremifen plus atamestane was as effective as toremifen or tamoxi fen alone but may not provide any additional benefit over toremifen alone or tamoxi fen alone[2].Clinical trail: Prostate cancer diagnosis among men with isolated high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia enrolled onto a 3-year prospective phase III clinical trial of oral toremifen[3].

(1) Oral acid-making agents can reduce the gastrointestinal absorption of d examethasone.
(2) Ammoniolumide can inhibit adrenal cortex function, accelerate the metabolism of this drug, and shorten its half-life.
(3) D examethasone can reduce the effect of oral Chemicalbook administration of hypoglycemic drugs, anticoagulants and neuromuscular blockers, so the dose should be adjusted.
(4) Barbiturates, phenytoin and rifampicin will weaken the metabolic promoting effect of d examethasone.
(5) D examethasone increases the toxicity of salicylic acid.
(6) D examethasone antagonizes vitamin A and should be avoided in combination.

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