Everolimus Chemical Properties

Everolimus    Definition

Everolimus, an oral immunosuppressant for the treatment of kidney and heart transplant rejection, is the 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl) derivative of rapamycin. It has immunosuppressive properties similar to those of rapamycin, but with improved pharmacokinetic profile. In addition, the 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl) group alters the physico-chemical properties of the macrolide to allow galenic formulation. Everolimus is prepared in a two-step semisynthesis starting from rapamycin, by alkylation of the 40-hydroxyl group with t-butyldimethylsilyloxyethyl triflate and subsequent cleavage of the silyl protecting group. Everolimus, like rapamycin, is a proliferation signal inhibitor that exerts its immunosuppressive effect by inhibiting the activation of p70 S6 kinase, thereby blocking growth factor-driven proliferation of T cells, B cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, and arresting cell cycle at the G1 phase. Inhibition of p70 S6 kinase activation by everolimus and rapamycin is mediated by their binding to FKBP12 (FK506 binding-protein 12). 


Everolimus  Chemical Properties

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Everolimus  Uses
1.   Macrolide immunosuppressant; derivative of Rapamycin. Inhibits cytokine-mediated lymphocyte proliferation
2.  Everolimus (IX) (SDZ-RAD), was developed by Novartis as an immunosuppressant to be used in conjunction with cyclosporin in transplantation allograft rejection and was recently approved in the US in 2003. Another natural product that had been approved for use in transplantation is rapamycin (sirolimus) as an inejectable agent. In an attempt to develop an orally bioavailable immunosuppressant agent, many companies attempted modification of rapamycin itself.
Uses    Everolimus Macrolide immunosuppressant; Everolimus is a derivative of Rapamycin. Everolimus inhibits cytokine-mediated lymphocyte proliferation.
3.   Everolimus is a semi-synthetic macrocyclic lactone prepared from rapamycin by selective alkylation of the 42-hydroxy group with a silyl-protected hydroxyethyl triflate moiety, followed by addition of an ethylhydroxy moiety to provide greater stability and bioavailability. Like all tacrolimus analogues, everolimus binds to receptor protein, FKBP12. The complex then binds to mTOR preventing it from interacting with target proteins. Everolimus is extensively cited in the literature with over 2,000 citations.
 

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