Glutathione exists in both reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) states. In the reduced state, the thiol group of cysteine is able to donate a reducing equivalent (H++ e−) to other molecules, such as reactive oxygen species to neutralize them, or to protein cysteines to maintain their reduced forms. With donating an electron, glutathione itself becomes reactive and readily reacts with another reactive glutathione to form glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Such a reaction is probable due to the relatively high concentration of glutathione in cells (up to 7 mM in the liver).

Generally, interactions between GSH and other molecules with higher relative electrophilicity deplete GSH levels within the cell. An exception to this case involves the sensitivity of GSH to the electrophilic compound's relative concentration. In high concentrations, the organic molecule Diethyl maleate fully depleted GSH levels in cells. However, in low concentrations, a minor decrease in cellular GSH levels was followed by a two-fold increase.

1) Enhancing the immune system:
Body' s immune activity, involving unimpeded multiplication of lymphocytes and antibody production, requires maintenance of normal levels of glutathione inside the lymphocytes.

2) Detoxifying agent:
Another major function of glutathione is in the detoxification of foreign chemical compounds such as carcinogens and harmful metabolites.

3) Antioxidant and free radical scavenger:
Glutathione plays a central protective role against the damaging effects of bacteria, viruses, pollutants and free radicals.

4) Skin whitening:
Dermatologists prescribe Glutathione for its only side effect: whitening of dark skin. People with darker skin tone report that taking Glutathione capsules along with vitamin C for three to six months or more actually lightens the color of their skin.

5) Regulator of other antioxidants:
Without L Glutathione, other important antioxidants such as vitamins C and E cannot do their job adequately to protect your body against disease.

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