Vanadium pentoxide, named as vanadium oxide (V) by IUPAC, is an oxide of vanadium (V), and its chemical formula is V2O5. It is a toxic orange-yellow solid, slightly soluble in water and decomposes when heated, losing oxygen. It can be used as catalyst in chemical industry, the most important is to convert sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid industry. In vanadium pentoxide, vanadium (+5) is the highest oxidation state with amphoteric and oxidizing properties.

Vanadium is a non-ferrous metal, vanadium pentoxide is widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry and other industries, mainly used for smelting vanadium iron. As an alloy additive, accounting for more than 80% of the total consumption of vanadium pentoxide, followed by catalysts, i.e. catalysts, accounting for about 10% of the total, and inorganic chemicals, chemical reagents, enamels and magnetic materials accounting for about 10% of the total.