What is Retinaldehyde Powder ?

Retinal is also known as retinaldehyde. It was originally called retinene, and renamed afterwards it was discovered to be vitamin A aldehyde. Retinal is one of the many forms of vitamin A (the number of which varies from species to species). Retinal is a polyene chromophore, bound to proteins called opsins, and is the chemical basis of animal vision. Retinal allows certain microorganisms to convert light into metabolic energy.

Vertebrate animals ingest retinal directly from meat, or they produce retinal from carotenoids, either from one of two carotenes (α-carotene, β-carotene) or from β-cryptoxanthin, a type of xanthophyll. These carotenoids must be obtained from plants or other photosynthetic organisms. No other carotenoids can be converted by animals to retinal, and some carnivores cannot convert any carotenoids at all. The other main forms of vitamin A, retinol, and a partially active form, retinoic acid, may both be produced from retinal.

Invertebrates such as insects and squid use hydroxylated forms of retinal in their visual systems, which derive from conversion from other xanthophylls.

The use of a large number of non-physiological doses of exogenous retinoic acid can cause an overload of the retinoic acid-dependent pathway in the skin, causing adverse reactions such as skin irritation. RAL is a natural metabolite of retinol and a direct precursor of retinoic acid, with similar biological activity to retinoic acid. The advantage of RAL compared with retinoic acid is its multi-directional metabolism, that is, excess RAL can be rapidly reduced to retinol, then stored and inactivated in the form of retinol, and this "reverse metabolism" Not present in vitamin A acid. After it is absorbed by the skin, most of it is converted into retinol vinegar for storage for slow release, and a small amount of RAL is oxidized to retinoic acid by keratinocytes in a differentiation-dependent manner, while a very small amount of retinoic acid is The cells can exert significant biological effects. This can avoid skin adverse reactions caused by high doses of retinoic acid. Clinical observations also show that topical RAL creams are well tolerated compared with retinoic acid and can be applied to sensitive areas. The topical RAL is not absorbed , and the levels of various vitamin A acids in the blood are not affected.
 

RAL needs to be activated by the enzymes in keratinocytes to convert to retinoic acid, so RAL has similar biological activity as retinoic acid. One of the indicators of retinoic acid activity is the induction of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP-2) expression, and topical RAL can significantly induce the expression of CRABP-2 mRNA and protein. Topical natural retinoic acid can also induce the expression of nuclear retinoic acid receptors. Like retinoic acid, RAL also functions to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. It can increase epidermal DNA synthesis, increase epidermal thickness, induce 50kD keratin, and reduce 7OkD keratin mRNA expression. Inducing positive keratinization, reducing 65kD keratin mRNA expression, and increasing filament aggregate and loricin mRNA expression. In addition, RAL is also involved in the regulation of neovascularization in the skin, inhibiting the production of vascular endothelial growth factor by keratinocytes. Repairs UVA-induced elastic fibers and collagen damage. RAL also has the ability to dissolve acne and direct bactericidal action against P. acnes. Natural retinoids play an important role in epidermal differentiation, dermal remodeling and skin inflammation. Retinal as an important intermediate metabolite of natural retinoic acid has both biological activity similar to that of retinoic acid and is well tolerated by the skin, so it has wider application in cosmetics.

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