Chloramphenicol is effective against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including most anaerobic organisms. Due to resistance and safety concerns, Chloramphenicol is no longer a first-line agent for any indication in developed nations, although Chloramphenicol is sometimes used topically for eye infections; nevertheless, the global problem of advancing bacterial resistance to newer drugs has led to renewed interest in its use. In low-income countries, chloramphenicol is still widely used because it is exceedingly inexpensive and readily available.