Quartz sand filter
Working principle: mechanical filter is a pressure filter, use the refined quartz sand filtration filled in the filter, when the water flows through the filter layer from top to bottom, suspended particles and adhesive paper in water will be removed, water turbidity will be reduced. It is often used in reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and pretreatment of electrodialysis equipment .
Activated carbon filter
Working principle: adsorption capacity of activated carbon is mainly in the form of physical adsorption, it also can be some selective adsorption, that is chemical adsorption.
Activated carbon is main adsorbent extensively applied in water treatment , lattices in various shapes and sizes which generated during the activation processing ,it will form a huge surface area, so contact surface between carbon and water is very large, and the absorption capacity is strong .Effectively ensure the service life of follow-up equipment, improve the water quality of effluent. During manufacturing of pure water, the role of activated carbon is mainly manifested in following four aspects, reduce oxidation degree in water, avoid organic substances into the contamination of RO membrane module, remove residual chlorinefrom water, remove three halide material (THM).
Water softener(ion-exchange water softener)
Working principle: absorb the calcium and magnesium ions in water with resin, since the hardness of water is mainly composed of calcium and magnesium, n general, we adopt cation exchange resin (softener),replace Ca2+, Mg2+ (main ingredients for scale ) in water with the Ca2+, as the increase of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in resin, removing performance on Ca2+, Mg2+ of resin will gradually reduce.
When the resin has absorbed a certain amount of calcium and magnesium ions,it must be birth, the regeneration process is that flush resin layer with the salt water in salt box , replace hardness ion out of the resin again, and discharged from the tank with waste liquid of regeneration, then resin resumed the function of softening and exchanging .
since the hardness of water is mainly composed of calcium and magnesium ,the principle of sodium ion exchange and softening treatment is to exchange cation in the raw water with resin,hardness constituents Ca2+and Mg2+ in water exchange Na+ in resin,thus absorb the Ca2+and Mg2+ to make the water to be softened,Foe example, the RNa represents sodium type resin,the exchanging process is as follows:
2RNa + Ca2+ = R2Ca + 2Na+
2RNa + Mg2+ = R2Mg + 2Na+
After the water treated by sodium ion exchanger, the Mg+ was replaced by Na Ca+.