Product information:
Indication:
For brain edema, trauma or swelling caused by surgery, but also for venous reflux disorders.

Adverse reactions:
1. It can be seen that the local pain and swelling at the injection site can be eliminated by hot compress.
2. Occasionally allergic reactions can be treated according to the principle of drug allergy treatment.

Taboo:
1. Renal injury, renal failure and renal insufficiency are forbidden.
2. It is forbidden for pregnant women.
3. It is forbidden for those who are allergic to the ingredients of this product.

Matters needing attention:
1. Martindale Pharmacopoeia recommends that the maximum daily dose of Sodium Aescinate for intravenous use in adults should be 20 mg; if a higher dose is used, acute renal failure may occur, and the combination of other nephrotoxic drugs may also lead to acute renal failure. It has been reported that in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, intravenous injection of large dose of sodium aescinate may lead to acute renal failure: among them, 70 patients did not observe renal function damage when the daily average maximum dose of sodium aescinate was 340 μ g / kg; 16 patients could observe mild renal function damage when the daily average maximum dose of sodium aescinate was 360 μ g / kg Acute renal failure occurred in 40 patients after intravenous injection of sodium aescinate at an average daily maximum dose of 510 μ g / kg. Therefore, the daily dosage of this product should be strictly limited. If the renal function is damaged, the drug should be stopped immediately, and a comprehensive renal function examination should be conducted. According to the examination results, the treatment should be carried out according to the degree of damage.
2. This product can only be used for intravenous injection and drip, not for arterial intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.
3. When injecting, it is better to choose a thicker vein, and do not leak out of the blood vessel. In case of redness and swelling, it should be closed with 0.25% procaine or hot compress.
4. Renal function should be checked before and after treatment.

Medicine interactions:
Caution should be exercised in combination with the following drugs:
1. Drugs with high binding rate to serum protein.
2. Drugs that can seriously damage renal function.
3. Corticosteroid drugs.
4. Drugs containing basic groups (precipitation may occur when compatibility).

Pharmacology and Toxicology:
1. Pharmacology
This product can promote the body to increase the plasma concentration of ACTH and cortisone, promote the secretion of PGF2 α in the vascular wall, and remove the free radicals in the body, so as to play the role of anti-inflammatory and anti exudation, improve the venous tension, accelerate the venous blood flow, promote the lymphatic reflux, improve the blood circulation and microcirculation, and protect the vascular wall.
2. Toxicology
No hemolysis was found when the daily dose was less than 0.5mg/kg body weight. Acute toxicity study: acute poisoning occurred in animals after intravenous injection of LD50 dose, mainly manifested as hemolytic hypoxia necrosis of parenchymal organs (heart, liver and kidney); it had strong stimulating effect on mucous membrane and muscle tissue. Chronic toxicity study: rabbits were given 1 / 5 dose of LD50 intravenously every day for 30 consecutive days, and no animal death and no pathological changes of its substantive organs occurred. Teratogenicity test: no teratogenicity, high drug content in amniotic fluid of pregnant women in the first 3 months was observed, so it is recommended that pregnant women should not use it.

Pharmacokinetics:
The half-life of sodium aescinate is only 1.5 hours, but it can increase the secretion of ACTH and prostaglandin F2a, and maintain the biological effect for a long time. After intravenous injection for 16 hours, sodium aescinate still has the effect of anti exudation and detumescence. One hour after injection, 1 / 3 of the dose was excreted, 2 / 3 of which was discharged into the intestine through bile and 1 / 3 into the urine. The binding rate of aescin to plasma protein was more than 90%.