The blood collection tube is divided into three types: common blood collection tube, anti-coagulation tube and coagulation tube. Commonly used anticoagulants are potassium oxalate, sodium oxalate, sodium citrate, EDTA-K2 or EDTA-Na2, heparin, fluoride and the like. According to different inspection items, it is very important to choose a suitable anticoagulant.




Haidike explains the differences between common blood collection tube and other blood collection tube.

1. Common blood collection tube - Red head cap, no blood vessels containing additives, used for routine serum biochemistry, blood bank and serological tests.




2. Fast serum tube - Orange-red head cover with a coagulant in the blood collection tube that activates fibrin to turn soluble fibrin into insoluble fibrin polymer, which forms a stable fibrin clot. The fast serum tube can coagulate the collected blood within 5 minutes and is suitable for emergency serum serialization test.




3. Inert Separation Gel Condensation Tube - Golden head cover with inert separation gel and coagulant added to the blood collection tube. After centrifugation, the inert separation gel can completely separate the liquid components (serum or plasma) and solid components (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, fibrin, etc.) in the blood and completely accumulate in the center of the test tube to form a barrier. The specimen is within 48 hours. keep it steady. The coagulant can quickly activate the blood coagulation mechanism and accelerate the blood coagulation process, which is suitable for emergency serum biochemical tests.




4. Heparin anticoagulation tube - Green head cover with heparin added to the blood collection tube. Heparin directly acts as an antithrombin to prolong the clotting time of the specimen. Applicable to erythrocyte fragility test, blood gas analysis, hematocrit test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Principal biochemical test, not suitable for blood coagulation test. Excess heparin causes aggregation of white blood cells and cannot be used for white blood cell counts. Because it can make the blood stains have a light blue background, it is not suitable for white blood cell classification.




5. plasma separation tube - light green head cover, lithium heparin anticoagulant added to the inert separation hose, can achieve the purpose of rapid plasma separation, is the best choice for electrolyte detection, can also be used for routine plasma biochemical determination and ICU Wait for emergency plasma biochemical tests. Plasma specimens can be placed directly on the machine and kept stable for up to 48 hours in a refrigerated state.




6. (EDTA anti-coagulation tube) - purple head cover, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, molecular weight 292) and its salt is an amino polycarboxylic acid, which can effectively chelate calcium ions in blood samples, chelate calcium or Removal of the calcium reaction site will block and terminate the endogenous or exogenous coagulation process, thereby preventing blood sample from solidifying. Applicable to general hematology test, not applicable to blood coagulation test and platelet function test, nor to determination of calcium ion, potassium ion, sodium ion, iron ion, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and leucine aminopeptidase And PCR test.




7. Sodium citrate coagulation test tube - Light blue head cover, sodium citrate mainly acts as an anticoagulant by chelation with calcium ions in blood samples. Suitable for coagulation experiments, the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (NCCLS) recommended anticoagulant concentration is 3.2% or 3.8% (equivalent to 0.109mol / L or 0.129mol / L), anticoagulation The ratio of agent to blood is 1:9.




8. (Sodium citrate erythrocyte sedimentation test tube) - Black cap, the sodium citrate concentration required for the erythrocyte sedimentation test is 3.2% (equivalent to 0.109 mol/L) and the ratio of anticoagulant to blood is 1:4.




9. Potassium oxalate / sodium fluoride - gray cap, sodium fluoride is a weak anticoagulant, usually combined with potassium oxalate or sodium iodate, the ratio of sodium fluoride 1 part, oxalic acid 3 parts of potassium. This mixture of 4mg can make 1ml of blood not coagulate and inhibit sugar decomposition within 23 days. It is an excellent preservative for blood glucose determination. It can not be used for urease determination of urea, nor for alkaline phosphatase and amylase. Recommended for blood glucose testing.